Secrets of Presidential Protocol: Who shakes hands first and why hugs are inappropriate

A presidential handshake or an “improper” hug isn’t casual etiquette—it’s governed by detailed state and diplomatic protocol designed to signal respect, equality, and political intent. International etiquette and protocol consultant Kristina Kruncheva explained on Bulgaria ON AIR’s “New Chapter” that meeting logistics are planned by professionals, typically through the State Protocol Directorate within the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the protocol of the presidency. Protocol coordination covers arrival timing, greetings, who extends a hand first, and even rules for official correspondence. Kruncheva also noted the contrast between more solemn official visits—often featuring a red carpet—and working visits, where such ceremony may be unnecessary.