What does FDM stand for in 3D printing and how does it work? - Engadget

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most common 3D-printing methods for both professionals and hobbyists. It creates three-dimensional objects by extruding thermoplastic filament through a heated nozzle and depositing it in layers onto a build plate. Typically, printing starts with a CAD (computer-aided design) file, which the printer converts into movement paths. After the first layer sets, the machine lays subsequent layers until the model is complete, a process that can take hours or even days depending on settings, printer capabilities, and design complexity. FDM works with many materials such as PLA, PETG, ABS, TPU, nylon, and even wood or metal-based filaments, though some require higher temperatures or ventilation.