The Wall Street Journal
Essay | The 'Paper Son' Gambit My Family Used to Defy American Exclusion
xCruzo Brief
The essay describes Lee Him, a Chinese “paper son” who used fraudulent identity claims to enter the United States during an era of strict exclusion. From 1882 to 1943, U.S. law effectively barred Chinese immigration. The piece notes that among roughly 300,000 Chinese people who entered in defiance of that restriction, historians believe most were boys and men presenting themselves as children of U.S.-born citizens. The short excerpt frames the “paper son” strategy as a survival route for families seeking entry despite federal barriers.
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