Lessons from lithium-ion battery development and commercialization - Nature Reviews Clean Technology

This Nature Reviews Clean Technology piece is presented as a literature-and-research roundup on lithium-ion battery development and commercialization, covering both technology progress and market context. It cites work on application-oriented multifunctional large-scale stationary batteries and hybrid energy storage systems, along with global EV and battery outlooks from the International Energy Agency. The article references evidence that battery costs have fallen sharply—cited as a 99% decline over three decades—alongside sources discussing EV and battery value chains, critical minerals, and market sizing. It also lists technical and historical materials on different chemistries and systems, including lead-acid and other non-lithium approaches, plus safety-related case information for certain battery types.