This Scottish 'mental asylum' was the first to perform barbaric health treatment

Hartwood Hospital—originally the Lanark District Asylum—opened in 1895 and was built to hold around 500 patients. At the time, it was considered modern, yet its treatment history is now widely viewed as brutal. The Scottish facility became the first in Scotland to perform lobotomies, a procedure pioneered there by chief medical superintendent Archibald Campbell Clark. Lobotomies were performed into the early 20th century and largely phased out around the 1950s as medications advanced. The article also notes Clark used early electroshock approaches and later advocated for improved training and patient conditions.